{"id":1223,"date":"2025-06-30T04:06:52","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T04:06:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alrasheed-iq.org\/?p=1223"},"modified":"2025-11-09T16:55:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T16:55:25","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%91%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alrasheed-iq.org\/en\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%91%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"How Iraq\u2019s Federal Court Abandoned the Constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1223\" class=\"elementor elementor-1223\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb5492b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fb5492b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72ba6a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"72ba6a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alrasheed-iq.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/cover-copy-2.png?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1394\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45b1a7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45b1a7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Iraq\u2019s Federal Court Abandoned the Constitution\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57e6a0c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"57e6a0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ae0121 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ae0121\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Constitutional oversight has been replaced by political loyalty at the heart of Iraq\u2019s legal system<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f06ec2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4f06ec2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc59a3a elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"dc59a3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-user\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224 256c70.7 0 128-57.3 128-128S294.7 0 224 0 96 57.3 96 128s57.3 128 128 128zm89.6 32h-16.7c-22.2 10.2-46.9 16-72.9 16s-50.6-5.8-72.9-16h-16.7C60.2 288 0 348.2 0 422.4V464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-41.6c0-74.2-60.2-134.4-134.4-134.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">MUHI ANSARI - THE PRESIDENT OF AL RASHEED CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-clock\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm0 448c-110.5 0-200-89.5-200-200S145.5 56 256 56s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200zm61.8-104.4l-84.9-61.7c-3.1-2.3-4.9-5.9-4.9-9.7V116c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h32c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v141.7l66.8 48.6c5.4 3.9 6.5 11.4 2.6 16.8L334.6 349c-3.9 5.3-11.4 6.5-16.8 2.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">2025.06.30<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18b6dd3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18b6dd3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a3daf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a3daf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since its founding in the aftermath of Saddam Hussein\u2019s fall, Iraq\u2019s Federal Supreme Court was envisioned as a bulwark of the country\u2019s nascent democracy. It was entrusted with upholding the Constitution, mediating conflicts among branches of government, and safeguarding the rights and freedoms of Iraq\u2019s diverse citizenry.<\/p><p>But over the past decade\u2014and with disturbing acceleration since the October 2019 protests\u2014the Court has abandoned its constitutional role. It has become something else entirely: a political instrument wielded by ruling elites to legitimize authoritarianism, curtail civil liberties, and obstruct the democratic process it was created to protect.<\/p><p>The transformation has been gradual but unmistakable. Since 2010, and particularly in recent years, the Court has issued a series of rulings that reveal a pattern of judicial overreach and politicization. Most notably, its 2022 decision to annul the Kurdistan Region\u2019s Oil and Gas Law came not during a legal dispute, but amid a political power struggle between Baghdad and Erbil. By siding with federal authorities, the Court offered legal cover for the central government\u2019s reassertion of control over regional oil revenues, effectively inserting itself into a partisan conflict.<\/p><p>One year later, the Court intervened in a battle over parliamentary leadership. What should have been a constitutional appeal became, under the stewardship of Chief Justice Jassim Al-Amiri, a tool for tilting the scales in a sectarian tug-of-war between Sunni and Shiite blocs. Al-Amiri went so far as to invite political parties to participate in constitutional deliberations\u2014an extraordinary breach of judicial neutrality that marked the Court\u2019s descent into the political fray.<\/p><p>These decisions did not merely reinterpret the Constitution \u2014 they effectively rewrote it. The rulings concerning the \u201clargest parliamentary bloc\u201d and the \u201cblocking third\u201d were issued under intense political pressure, with outcomes that appeared predetermined.\n\nThe Court\u2019s growing engagement in what can be described as \u201cjudicial legislation\u201d saw it crafting constitutional solutions it had no authority to enact. In doing so, it exceeded its legal mandate and blurred the line between the judicial and legislative branches.<\/p><p>The consequences have been severe\u2014not only for the political process, but also for civil liberties. In February 2024, the Court struck down the latest version of the Law on Freedom of Expression and Peaceful Assembly, plunging the country into a legal vacuum. In the absence of a regulatory framework, authorities exploited this gap to suppress protests and silence dissenting voices.\n\nIn another troubling move, the Court rejected appeals filed against censorship laws that were passed under the pretext of \u201cpublic morality,\u201d thereby undermining civil society and freedom of expression.<\/p><p>Perhaps most emblematic of its authoritarian drift was the Court\u2019s 2023 decision to uphold a law banning the import and sale of alcohol. This ruling flouted constitutional protections for religious and cultural pluralism and signaled the Court\u2019s alignment with ideological forces seeking to impose majoritarian morality under the guise of legalism.<\/p><p>Together, these rulings paint a grim picture of a judiciary that no longer stands above the political fray but operates as its enforcer. The Federal Supreme Court has moved from arbitrating disputes to manufacturing political outcomes. Its decisions now carry the weight of unaccountable authority, often positioning the Court as a co-equal branch of governance\u2014unchecked and ideologically aligned.<\/p><p>This crisis of legitimacy did not go unnoticed from within the institution itself. In an unprecedented development, six sitting judges and three alternates recently submitted their resignations, citing Judge Al-Umayri\u2019s monopolization of decision-making and his overt bias toward certain factions.\n\nOne day later, Judge Al-Umayri announced his own resignation, attributing it to health reasons. These resignations could mark a turning point\u2014either toward a broader institutional collapse, or, more cynically, be used as a pretext to delay crucial elections under the justification of \u201clegal instability.\u201d<\/p><p>Without a functioning and impartial judiciary, Iraq\u2019s democratic experiment is imperiled. A judiciary that validates repression and shields ruling elites from accountability becomes a core component of authoritarian rule. In this environment, even elections lose meaning, as they are no longer refereed by a neutral institution committed to upholding constitutional norms.<\/p><p>Calls for \u201creform\u201d of the Federal Supreme Court now ring hollow. The problem is not one of mere dysfunction\u2014it is structural. The Court, as currently constituted, cannot be rehabilitated. Any meaningful political reform must begin with the complete reconstitution of the Court under a new legal framework\u2014one that enshrines judicial independence, enables parliamentary or popular oversight, and immunizes the institution from partisan capture.<\/p><p>Democracy without an independent judiciary is democracy in name only. Iraq\u2019s future depends on more than elections and constitutions. It hinges on whether the institutions meant to protect those frameworks are willing and able to resist political manipulation.\u00a0<\/p><p>Until the Court is restored to its rightful role as guardian of the Constitution and defender of individual rights, any claims of a democratic transition in Iraq will remain not only unfulfilled\u2014but deliberately and dangerously undermined.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e2c35c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e2c35c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d099ee6 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d099ee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.themiddleeastuncovered.com\/p\/91337c80-c004-4a98-bae6-f7e341a80c89\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">article link<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 2025.06.30 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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